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Ronald Reagan judicial appointment controversies
During President Ronald Reagan's presidency, he nominated at least twelve people for various federal appellate judgeship who were not confirmed. In some cases, the nominations were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Reagan's presidency ended, while in other cases, nominees were rejected by the Senate Judiciary Committee or even blocked by unfriendly members of the Republican Party. Three of the nominees were renominated by Reagan's successor, President George H. W. Bush. Two of the nominees, Ferdinand Francis Fernandez and Guy G. Hurlbutt, were nominated after July 1, 1988, the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Eight of the twelve seats eventually were filled by appointees of President George H. W. Bush.
==List of failed nominees==
*United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
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*New York seat - Stuart A. Summit (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee John M. Walker, Jr.)
*United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
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*Louisiana seat - David C. Treen (judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee John Malcolm Duhé, Jr.)
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*Louisiana seat - Jacques L. Wiener, Jr. (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Jacques L. Wiener, Jr.; he was renominated for the seat by Bush)
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*Texas seat - Lino Graglia (judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee Jerry Edwin Smith)
*United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
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*Indiana seat - William F. Harvey (judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee Kenneth Ripple)
*United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
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*California seat - Bernard Siegan (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Ferdinand Francis Fernandez)
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*California seat - Ferdinand Francis Fernandez (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Ferdinand Francis Fernandez; he was renominated for the seat by Bush)
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*California seat - Pamela Ann Rymer (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Pamela Ann Rymer; she was renominated for the seat by Bush)
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*Idaho seat - Guy G. Hurlbutt (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Thomas G. Nelson)
*United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
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*Seat - Judith Richards Hope (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee Clarence Thomas)
*United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
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*Seat - Susan Liebeler (judgeship later filled by George H. W. Bush nominee S. Jay Plager)
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*Seat - Sherman Unger (judgeship later filled by Reagan nominee Jean Galloway Bissell)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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